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DAY: MAY 24 20245-24-2024NEW STUDY OUTLINES THE WARNING SIGNS Colon cancer is increasingly hitting Americans under the age of 50, and a new study outlines the warning signs that these young patients first encounter. The analysis was based on data from 80 different studies, involving almost 25 million patients under the age of 50. In nearly half (45%) of cases, blood in stools was an initial symptom, followed by abdominal cramps (40% of cases) and alterations in bowel habits (27% of 5-24-2024STROKE RATES ARE RISING, ESPECIALLY AMONG THE YOUNGThe rate at which Americans under the age of 65 suffered a stroke rose by about 15% between 2011 and 2022, new government data shows. That was true even among the young: The rate of stroke jumped 14.6% among people ages 18 to 44 during the study period, researchers from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found. It’s not clear why stroke rates have risen so sharply, but rising rates of obesity and high blood 5-24-2024THESE TIPS CAN HELP KEEP YOU SAFE DURING A POTENTIALLY SEVERE 2024 WILDFIRE SEASONThe 2023 wildfire season was worst on record. High temperatures and widespread drought fueled over 6,600 fires, burning a record-breaking 18.4 million hectares, an area more than double the size of New Brunswick. The fires emitted nearly 480 million tons of carbon, five times the emissions of an average season, turning the skies hazy and orange and blanketing much of North America in wildfire smoke for weeks. Many regions of Canada experienced over 40 days where air pollution concentrations exceeded the World Health Organization’s air quality guidelines, leading to 5-24-2024SEMAGLUTIDE SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCES RISK OF COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES, STUDY REVEALSA pioneering study has demonstrated that semaglutide significantly reduces the risk of major kidney disease events, cardiovascular outcomes, and all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. will pave the way for new treatment strategies and offer hope to millions of patients globally. The study is also published in the New England Journal of Medicine. The FLOW (Evaluate Renal Function with Semaglutide Once Weekly) study is a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled international trial comprising 3,533 patients, with a 5-24-2024STUDY FINDS HEAT PAIN PERCEPTION DECREASES WITH AGEA. Experimental setup and conditions (created with BioRender.com); B. Correlation between age and pain thresholds; Significant difference in heat threshold; Pain ratings of heat stimuli across younger and older groups (**p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001); C. Significant difference in pain discriminability at various levels of heat stimuli; Correlations between pain discriminability and pain threshold; Correlations between age and discriminability of heat stimulation (**p < 0.01). Does pain perception change with age? In particular, is there a significant increase or decrease in perception between older and 5-24-2024INTEGRATION OF PHARMACIES WITH PHYSICIAN PRACTICES HAS LITTLE IMPACT ON CANCER DRUG EXPENDITURES, STUDY FINDS Integration of pharmacies with physician practices, where on-site pharmacies open at physician practice locations, is a growing trend in cancer treatment. However, little is known about how this integration affects drug utilization or expenditures, along with other aspects of the patient experience. Open compares the outcomes of patients treated by oncologists whose practices integrated with pharmacies, to those of oncologists that did not integrate. Researchers found a slight increase in utilization of oral oncology drugs, 5-24-2024HOW AIR POLLUTION AFFECTS THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEMThe diseases caused by PM2.5 pollution in different systems are shown. CAD, cardiovascular disease; NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma. Fine air particles, less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter (PM2.5), are a major air pollutant linked to various health problems. These particles can travel deep into the lungs and even enter the bloodstream when inhaled. Recent research suggests a major health concern: PM2.5 exposure can also damage the digestive system, including the liver, pancreas, and intestines. 5-24-2024PEDIATRICIAN EXPLAINS HOW AI MAY AFFECT CHILDRENArtificial intelligence is rapidly changing the way we work, play and communicate. While artificial intelligence has potential to help solve complex problems, you’ve likely also heard serious concerns about it—and especially, the ways AI might change the lives of children and teens. As child health experts at UNICEF have pointed out, kids around the world use AI almost daily. Most interactive toys, games and internet platforms made for children depend on AI technology. Even though AI is advancing faster than anyone expected, most nations have not considered how AI will 5-24-2024AI MIGHT HELP SPOT BREAST CANCER’S SPREAD WITHOUT BIOPSYNew AI can help detect breast cancer that is spreading to other parts of the body, without the need for biopsies, a new study finds. The AI analyzes MRI scans to detect the presence of cancer cells in the lymph nodes under the arms, researchers said. In clinical practice, the AI could help avoid 51% of unnecessary surgical biopsies to test lymph nodes for cancer, while correctly identifying 95% of patients whose breast cancer had spread, results showed. Most breast cancer deaths are due to cancer that’s spread elsewhere, and 5-24-2024HARNESSING THE POWER OF VIRUSES TO KILL CANCERSA new research provides guidelines for the design, production and preclinical testing of viruses that infect and destroy cancer cells , while also promoting protective antitumour immunity. Credit: National Cancer Institute In the global hunt for both a cure and cancer treatments, researchers are finding it may be the very viruses we try to shield ourselves against that hold great promise in fighting the deadly disease. Pathogens—those bugs that routinely infect and sicken us, like the common cold or influenza—are being 5-24-2024RESEARCH SHOWS NEW TREATMENT MAY ENABLE MORE PATIENTS WITH HIGH-RISK BLOOD CANCERS TO RECEIVE STEM CELL TRANSPLANTSA new treatment approach using an older drug may enable more patients with high-risk blood cancers to receive transplanted stem cells from unrelated, partially matched donors, according to a study conducted by researchers at Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine and colleagues. Results to be presented at the annual meetings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) and the European Hematology Association suggest the new approach may expand the donor pool, with patients from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups standing to benefit 5-24-2024DIGITAL INFANT FEATURES IN WORLD-FIRST PSYCHOLOGY RESEARCH Early Learning Lab BabyX is a hyper-realistic computer-generated simulation of a human infant. In a world first, developmental psychology researchers at the University of Auckland will use the digital child to research adults’ interactions with babies. The infant on a computer screen responds to a social partner—including their voices, gestures, and expressions—just as a human infant would, smiling, laughing, crying, or getting cross and frustrated. The aim of the research is to look more closely at the nuances 5-24-2024INTERNATIONALLY TRAINED FEMALE ONCOLOGISTS FACE MANY DISCRIMINATION CHALLENGES IN THE US, FIND RESEARCHERS Coral Olazagasti expected a relatively smooth transition when she moved to New York to start her residency after graduating from medical school in her native Puerto Rico. But that proved wishful thinking. She not only experienced major culture shock, but also her superiors and colleagues often chastised her for speaking too loudly and joked about her accent. “Puerto Rico is a U.S. territory so when I moved to New York, I thought it wasn’t going to be a big change,” 5-24-2024HOW COVID-19 ‘BREAKTHROUGH’ INFECTIONS ALTER YOUR IMMUNE CELLSColorized scanning electron micrograph of an apoptotic cell (green) heavily infected with SARS-COV-2 virus particles (yellow), isolated from a patient sample. New research from scientists suggests people who received COVID-19 vaccines and then experienced “breakthrough” infections are especially well armed against future SARS-CoV-2 infections. By analyzing blood samples from study volunteers, the LJI researchers discovered that people who experienced symptomatic breakthrough infections develop T cells that are better at recognizing and 5-24-2024SCIENTISTS UNCOVER NEW TREATMENT PATHWAY FOR RARE ‘SPIDER WEB’ CHILDHOOD BRAIN TUMORS Researchers have identified the unique features of an exceptionally rare set of childhood brain tumors—a discovery that could pave the way for more effective treatments. A decade-long study, carried out by a team from The Institute of Cancer Research, London, as part of a European working group, to comprehensively analyze a set of childhood tumors known as gliomatosis cerebri, 5-24-2024TYPE 2 DIABETES TREATMENT FOUND TO IMPACT FUNGAL COMMUNITY IN HUMAN GUT Metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, are associated with compositional shifts in the human gut microbiome, including the fungal fraction called the mycobiome. But research on the mycobiome and how type 2 diabetes or its common treatment, metformin, may interact remains relatively limited despite suggestions that these fungi can influence the overall health of the microbiome, according to a research team at Penn 5-24-2024MORE MEDICAID NEEDED FOR INCARCERATED INDIVIDUALS WITH SUBSTANCE ABUSE DISORDERS, ACCORDING TO STUDY A new study examining how state Medicaid programs are helping people with substance use disorders (SUD) uncovered the need to expand the programmatic features to assist individuals who are transitioning in and out of the criminal justice system. The study, “State Medicaid Initiatives Targeting Substance Use Disorder in Criminal Legal Settings, 2021,” 5-24-2024SWEDEN ORDERS REVIEW AFTER ‘EXPLOSION’ OF ADHD CASES Sweden is seeing “an explosion” of ADHD cases among children that has put it far above the global average, the government said Friday as it ordered a review to find out why. Around 10.5 percent of boys and six percent of girls in Sweden in 2022 had been diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Social Affairs Minister Jakob Forssmed told reporters, citing statistics from the Board of Health and Welfare. The figures were expected to rise to 15 and 11 percent respectively before leveling 5-24-2024WALKABILITY IN NEIGHBORHOODS LINKED TO HEALTH, STUDY OF SIBLINGS SHOWS When one family member looks out the window at sidewalks and green space and the other sees a multilane highway and power lines, the differences may contribute to more than just sibling rivalry. A new study by University of Maryland public health researchers has shown that those neighborhood characteristics correlate with different health outcomes. 5-24-2024STUDY REVEALS RIGHT ATRIUM CHANGES IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES Cardiovascular disease has profound effects on the structure and function of the heart. While past research has mainly focused on the left ventricle and the coronary arteries, the effects of the disease on the right atrium remain largely unexplored. The right atrium functions as the entryway to the heart, pushing blood towards the right ventricle and the lungs. It also houses the pacemaker of the heart, the sinoatrial node, that initiates and maintains the heartbeat. For this reason, pathological remodeling of the site 5-24-2024RATES OF SEVERE MULTIPLE DRUG INTOLERANCE SYNDROME UP IN FIBROMYALGIA, IBSPatients with fibromyalgia and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have increased rates of severe multiple drug intolerance syndrome (MDIS), according to a study published in the May issue of the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice. Alicia A. Alvarez, M.D., from Sarasota Memorial Hospital in Florida, and colleagues conducted a retrospective chart review to examine the prevalence of MDIS in patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia or IBS. Patients who had been seen at a large academic center were identified and matched to controls seen within the same timeframe by exact 5-24-2024COMBINING HUMAN OLFACTORY RECEPTORS WITH ARTIFICIAL ORGANIC SYNAPSES AND A NEURAL NETWORK TO SNIFF OUT CANCERResearchers have developed an artificial olfactory system that discriminates odorants at the molecular chain length level. The olfactory system has been developed through the integration of human olfactory receptors and organic synaptic devices. The system generates distinct conductance patterns for odorants and mixtures. This approach enables precise odorant recognition via training and inference simulations. 5-24-2024SCIENTISTS PROPOSE THERAPEUTIC APPROACH FOR INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE . In a study published in Cell Host & Microbe, a research team has demonstrated the causal link between microbial factors and dysfunction of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) in colitis. On the basis of this mechanism, they proposed a possible approach to restore ISC function in colitis. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease characterized by microbial dysbiosis and dysfunction of ISCs in the gut. However, how these two factors are directly communicated remains poorly understood. In this study, researchers first revealed that ? 5-24-2024NEW BIOMARKER PREDICTS SUCCESS OF IMMUNOTHERAPY IN KIDNEY CANCER Immunotherapy increases survival rates in kidney cancer, but does not work for everyone. A Leuven research team has developed a new method to predict which patients will benefit from it. The team of Francesca Finotello (Computational Biomedicine Group) from the University of Innsbruck also contributed. Their study also opens new avenues to even more effective treatments. Every year, roughly 1,300 people in Austria are diagnosed with kidney cancer. Thanks to 5-24-2024PATIENT CARE TAKES CENTER STAGEThe 2024 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting is being held May 31 to June 4, 2024, in Chicago and online. The theme of this year’s meeting is “The Art and Science of Cancer Care: From Comfort to Cure.” Attendees will share and discuss the latest clinical cancer research impacting patient care. “Treatment advances involving targeted therapies, immunotherapy, and new uses of technology, as well as research on improving patient quality of life and outcomes are among the topics that will be highlighted in the meeting’s official Press 5-24-2024PARENTAL LEGAL SYSTEM INVOLVEMENT LINKED TO ADVERSE CHILD MENTAL HEALTHParental legal system involvement may negatively impact child mental health, according to a study published online May 23 in Pediatrics. Lilian G. Bravo, Ph.D., R.N., from the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California in Los Angeles, and colleagues used two-year follow-up data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study when children were 11 to 12 years of age to examine whether adverse parental legal system involvement (incarceration, arrest) was associated with suicide risk. Of the 10,532 children included in the study, 6.5 percent reported parent incarceration 5-24-2024SCIENTISTS LEVERAGE MACHINE LEARNING TO DECODE GENE REGULATION IN THE DEVELOPING HUMAN BRAINMassively parallel characterization and prediction of gene regulatory activity in the developing brain. In a scientific feat that broadens our knowledge of genetic changes that shape brain development or lead to psychiatric disorders, a team of researchers combined high-throughput experiments and machine learning to analyze more than 100,000 sequences in human brain cells—and identify over 150 variants that likely cause disease. The study, from scientists at Gladstone Institutes and University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), establishes a comprehensive catalog of genetic sequences involved in brain 5-24-2024NEW GLOBAL TARGETS PROPOSED TO REDUCE AMR-LINKED DEATHS AND IMPROVE ACCESS TO ESSENTIAL ANTIBIOTICS5-24-2024STUDY REVEALS BURDEN AND GEOGRAPHIC PATTERNS OF SEPSIS AMONG HOSPITALIZED NON-CHILD CANCER PATIENTS IN CHINA5-24-2024QUADRUPLE THERAPIES AND THE FUTURE OF MULTIPLE MYELOMA TREATMENT5-24-2024ULTRASOUND WAVES ZAPPED AT THE BRAIN ARE BEING USED TO TREAT EVERYTHING FROM HAND TREMORS TO ADDICTION5-24-2024WHAT IS A VIRTUAL EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT? AND WHEN SHOULD YOU ‘VISIT’ ONE?5-24-2024VIRTUAL SCRIBES REDUCE PHYSICIANS’ TIME SPENT ON ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORDS5-24-2024NEW MECHANISM OF IMMUNE EVASION IN SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OFFERS POTENTIAL FOR IMPROVED TREATMENT5-24-2024SCIENTISTS SHOW THAT SEROTONIN ACTIVATES BRAIN AREAS INFLUENCING BEHAVIOR AND MOTIVATION5-24-2024PATIENT CARE TAKES CENTER STAGE5-24-2024PARENTAL LEGAL SYSTEM INVOLVEMENT LINKED TO ADVERSE CHILD MENTAL HEALTH5-24-2024RATES OF SEVERE MULTIPLE DRUG INTOLERANCE SYNDROME UP IN FIBROMYALGIA, IBS5-24-2024HPV VACCINATION POSITIVELY AFFECTING MORE THAN JUST CERVICAL CANCER RISK5-24-2024RESEARCHERS DEVELOP NEW LIGHT-CONTROLLED ‘OFF SWITCH’ FOR BRAIN CELLS5-24-2024SCIENTISTS CALL FOR EQUITABLE RESEARCH PARTNERSHIPS TO ADVANCE MICROBIOME RESEARCH5-24-2024EARLY INTENSIFIED TREATMENT CUTS TYPE 2 DIABETES BURDEN BY USD 23 MILLION IN KOREA5-24-2024IMAGINARY PLACEBO INTAKE STUDY INVESTIGATES NEURAL RESPONSE FOR REGULATING DISGUST5-24-2024POSSIBLE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN TATTOOS AND LYMPHOMA REVEALED5-24-2024THE LINK BETWEEN DEFECTIVE AUTOPHAGY AND PANCREATITIS COULD POINT TO NEW TREATMENTS5-24-2024NEW SURGICAL TOOL MOVES TINY BIOPARTICLES WITH ROBOTICS AND ACOUSTIC ENERGY5-24-2024GENETIC CAUSE OF RARE CHILDHOOD IMMUNE DISORDERS DISCOVERED5-24-2024UNDERSTANDING A BROKEN HEART—STUDY FINDS LINK BETWEEN STRESS AND RECURRENT HEART FAILURE5-24-2024LIVER LESIONS AT RISK OF TRANSFORMATION INTO HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA IN CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS: STUDY5-24-2024NICOTINE USE RISES AMONG YOUNG ADULTS IN ENGLAND, BUT CIGARETTE SMOKING CONTINUES TO DECLINE5-24-2024STUDY INVESTIGATES SYSTEMIC THROMBOLYSIS IN PATIENTS WITH LIVER CIRRHOSIS5-24-2024PKMYT1, A POTENTIAL ‘ACHILLES HEEL’ OF TREATMENT RESISTANT ER+ BREAST CANCERS WITH THE POOREST PROGNOSIS5-24-2024PH-BINDING MOTIFS AS A PLATFORM FOR DRUG DESIGN: LESSONS FROM PROTEASE-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS5-24-2024RESEARCH FINDS CONNECTION BETWEEN RISK FACTORS FOR PERIODONTITIS AND GENERAL HEALTH5-24-2024STUDY IDENTIFIES DIFFERENCES IN PROSTATE CANCER GENOMICS AMONG A RACIALLY AND ETHNICALLY DIVERSE COHORT OF US VETERANS5-24-2024STUDY FINDS COMBINATION THERAPY SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVES OUTCOMES FOR PATIENTS WITH METASTATIC COLORECTAL CANCER5-24-2024UPDATE ON THE STING SIGNALING PATHWAY IN DEVELOPING NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE5-24-2024RESEARCHERS STUDY INDICATORS OF CORONARY OBSTRUCTIONS IN WOMEN WITH ESTABLISHED CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE5-24-2024PANDEMIC AGREEMENT TALKS END WITHOUT DEAL5-24-2024COVID PANDEMIC CUT GLOBAL LIFE EXPECTANCY BY NEARLY TWO YEARS: WHO
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